Usually, Lay outing is basic work to get the foundation on ground.
If layouting was done in proper way then the foundation will be good. A real
meaning and purpose of setting out (layout) is to transfer the plan, length and
width of its foundation on the ground so that the foundation can be excavated
for construction of purposed building as per drawing.
The following preliminary works should be executed before
actual planning of layout for the house.
• Clean
the site
• Record
spot levels of the ground.
• Construct
a permanent bench mark in construction area.
Base Line
For setting out /layout, the most important requirement is
to establish a baseline. This is marked on the ground as per site plan
requirement with the help of offsets which are taken from the existing road or
existing building.
Centre Line
Centre line divides the plan into two equal parts. This can
be marked in the field with the help of baseline. This line is very necessary
and useful for layout. This line should be transferred to Burjis and be kept up
to the completion of foundation work.
'Burjis' and its' Distance
Burji or marking pillars are masonry pillars constructed
with bricks and cement mortar. These are constructed on both ends of walls
/columns and center line should be marked on the top surface of the burjis with
the help of base line. Burji is also constructed for indicating the plinth
level of the building. Burjis are very useful for the layout. Accuracy of the
foundation can be checked with the help of Burji at any time during
construction. Burjis should be kept intact till completion of foundation work.
Demarcation/layout Procedure
The following procedure is recommended for demarcation of a
building.
• For
layout of a building baseline is marked on the ground either from centre line
of the road or from any permanent building nearby. This line helps to mark out
the front of a building. Side baseline is also marked with the help of side
structure or road or it can be marked with the help of first baseline or
boundary of the plot.
• Fix
temporary pegs at the centre line of walls/columns on both sides of walls and
columns in front and back side.
• Fix peg
at the centre line of walls/columns on both sides of wall and columns in left
and right side of front of building.
• Check
diagonals of the square or rectangle formed after fixing pegs.
• Construct
Burji or marking pillars with pegs at a distance of 1.5 meter to 2 meters and
their top surface should be plastered.
• Mark
centre line on the top of Burjis with the help of thread (Soot) or with the
The dolite in big projects and the diagonal and other dimension should be
checked.
• Level
Burji on all corners of building and the top level is fixed at a proposed
plinth level.
• Mark the
foundation of walls/columns according to drawing on the ground with the help of
centerline marked on the Burji.
• Mark
foundation trenches on the ground with chalk powder.
• Excavate
the foundation of the walls /columns up to required level and the excavation
must be checked with the help of centre line and level burji to avoid any
complication later on.
Materials used during Setting up of Layout
1. Leveling
Instrument
2. Balli
3. Long
Nails
4. Hammer
5. Right
Angle(Guniya)
6. Steel
Tape
7. Thin
Cotton Thread
8. Bricks
9. Cement
10. Screen
Sand
11. Lime
Powder
12. Theodolite
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